中国拥有五千年的文明发展史,中华优秀传统文化是中国文化的主体部分,是先辈们传承下来的丰厚的历史文化遗产。它不仅记录了中华民族和中国文化发生、演化的历史,而且作为世代相传的思维方式、价值观念、行为准则、风俗习惯, 渗透在每个中国人的血脉中,影响着今日之中国人的思维方式和行为方式。
随着经济全球化的推进,英语作为国际通用语言,在国际交往中的角色愈发重要,英语学科对我国培养具有跨文化理解力、跨文化交际能力的人才具有重要意义,英语教师正肩负着培养新时代人才的重要使命。
(资料图片)
基于此, 英语教师应从课堂做起,将中华优秀传统文化融入教学,这不仅能够丰富教学内容、增强学生兴趣,更能培养学生的家国情怀,为培养具有创新精神和优秀的跨文化交际人才奠定基础。
基于以上思考,笔者对我校中高年级学生进行了英语课堂中融合传统文化相关的问卷调查。综合调查问卷结果及我校现阶段中华优秀传统文化教育现状,得出以下结论:
● 绝大部分学生对中华优秀传统文化学习有兴趣,并且学习兴趣较高。
● 绝大部分学生认为在英语课中融合中华优秀传统文化有必要,并认为应该学习和发扬优秀传统文化。
● 大多数学生认为在英语课中融合中华优秀传统文化的意义是用英文传播文化,拓宽知识面的同时增强民族自豪感,培养爱国情怀。
● 大部分学生希望通过英语课中丰富的中华优秀传统文化资源激发自己的学习兴趣。
● 大多数英语课堂中,中西方文化是有分裂现象的,学生获取中华优秀传统文化知识的途径较为单一。
● 大多数英语教师在授课时,偶尔会渗透中华优秀传统文化知识,并且多为书上内容。
● 大部分学生不会或只能用英语介绍一点中华优秀传统文化。
● 学生希望在英语课中学习传统节日习俗、名胜古迹、民间艺术、饮食文化、中华经典故事等内容,并希望开展古诗词翻译创作活动。
● 大部分学生更愿意通过情境对话、角色扮演及小组交流讨论的形式学习中华优秀传统文化。
结合调查结果,笔者在课堂中开展了中国优秀传统文化融入英语课堂的实践研究。
一
谚语与诗歌
利用课前热身时间,给学生欣赏一些传统文化中的谚语及诗歌,将它们翻译成英文并带领学生朗读,体会语言之美、感悟句中哲理。例如——
早起的鸟儿有虫吃
The early bird catches the worm.
骄傲使人落后
Pride goes before, and shame comes after.
在学习诗歌《春晓》后,请学生以小组合作的形式,将诗歌译成英文,注意音韵和音律。以下为孩子们较为成功的作品——
No aware of the spring morning,
I hear birds singing everywhere.
How many flowers have withered,
in the wind and rain last night?
此外,可以结合书中的故事,引出相关谚语。如教授人教版一年级起点五上 Make Friends 故事内容时,主人公小狗选择朋友总挑三拣四,嫌弃大象体格庞大,嫌弃蝴蝶微不可见。学完故事后, 请学生利用谚语,总结几条给主人公的建议,孩子们提到:
金无赤足,人无完人
Every man has his faults.
尺有所短,寸有所长
Everything has its strengths and weaknesses.
三人行必有我师焉,则其善者而从之
When three are walking together, I am sure to find teachers among them. I will select their good qualities and follow them.
学习英语诗歌时,同样可以给出中文译文,让学生同时诵读英文诗歌和中文译文,体会中文的博大精深和语言之美。比如——
【原文】
You say that you love rain,
but you open your umbrella when it rains.
You say that you love the sun,
but you find a shadow spot when the sun shines.
You say that you love the wind,
but you close your windows when wind blows.
This is why I am afraid,
you say that you love me too.
【诗经版】
子言慕雨,启伞避之。
子言好阳,寻荫拒之。
子言喜风,阖户离之。
子言偕老,吾所畏之。
【七律版】
江南三月雨微茫,罗伞叠烟湿幽香。
夏日微醺正可人,却傍佳木趁荫涼。
霜风清和更初霁,轻蹙蛾眉锁朱窗。
怜卿一片相思意,尤恐流年拆鸳鸯。
将中文谚语、诗歌与英文相结合的课堂实践,大大激发了学生的学习兴趣,帮助孩子们实现中西方文化的融会贯通,让他们在学习英文知识的同时,也深刻的领悟了中文之美和意境深远。
二
名胜古迹与传统习俗
假期前后,在课堂上留出时间,让学生查找国内的旅游胜地,并就当地民俗民风做简单介绍,如蔚县以剪纸和打铁花闻名,陕西以秦腔唱调和面食闻名等。 这一任务设计使得学生兴趣浓厚,很容易记住自己感兴趣的旅行地名称和习俗,久而久之,学生们收集到很多旅行胜地及传统风俗知识,学生们也会在写作中进行拓展延伸。
此外,遇到合适的教材内容,可以有意识地渗透传统文化知识。如人教版一年级起点英语四年级上册 Travel Plans 讲授杭州时,利用 《饮湖上初晴后雨》作为导入,引导孩子们思考古诗中描述的是哪个旅行胜地,然后出示西湖的四季美景,利用四句古诗 “花满苏堤柳满烟”、“红衣绿扇映清波”、“一色湖光万顷秋”、“白堤一痕青花墨” 请孩子说一说四句诗分别描述了西湖的哪个季节,能看到什么景物,有什么感受等,从而引导学生充分体会和全方位感受西湖之美。之后,给孩子们讲述西湖十景和《白蛇传》的民间传说,使孩子们对西湖有更加全面深入的了解。
在介绍旅行意愿的的时候,学生写到:I want to go to the West Lake. I want to see the beautiful scenery around the lake and I want to row a boat. The scenery there is beautiful all year around. I heard a legend about dragon and phoenix in the West Lake. I think it"s romantic and mystic. I also want to drink Longjing Tea and visit The Silk Museum. They are famous in Hangzhou.
学生围绕西湖,叙述了唯美优美的传说、龙井茶和丝绸博物馆等特色。 这样的练习使学习更加立体,孩子们对于中华文化的知识积累和语言表达也更加丰富。
再比如学习英国白金汉宫时,结合中国的故宫, 请学生对比两个国家皇宫的不同之处。学生通过搜集资料发现,欧洲的皇宫多着力在二维的平面和三维的立体结构,重视的是建筑整体与局部,以及局部之间的比例、均衡、韵律等形式美原则,而我国的皇宫讲究的是对称的、有规律的走向,每一处宫殿都由若干单座建筑和一些围廊、围墙之类环绕成一个个庭院而组成。重要的建筑都安置在纵轴线上,次要房屋安置在它左右两侧的横轴线上。 中国传统建筑无论大小通常都有这样预定规划,有着对称的和谐之美。
通过介绍祖国的风景民俗,并进行中西方文化对比,学生不仅提升了英语口语水平,渐渐养成了关注身边英语的习惯,同时也对中华博大精深的文化加深了解,提升了批判性思维和跨文化理解力。
三
中华饮食文化
与许多国家相比,中餐相对更加丰富多彩。因此,在讲授与食物相关的内容时,可以教学生一些常见的中餐英文表达并与西餐作对比,比如中餐的主食多为 steamed bread、rice porridge、rice、dumplings;而西餐主食多为 hamburger、bread、sandwich。中餐特色食物包括 roast duck、hot pot、spring rolls 等;而西方特色食物包括 hot dog, pizza, beef steak 等。
笔者还会在课上模拟真实的点餐环境,让学生体会中餐和西餐不同的用餐环境及用餐礼仪。如中餐用筷子,西餐用刀叉;中餐厅比较热闹,大家喜欢边吃边聊;西餐厅则比较安静……从而将课本中所学的语言和真实的生活构成联系。比如学习 Ordering Food 时,上课伊始在教室中创设餐馆就餐情境,为与点餐相关的语言学习做好准备;课上利用菜单和不同的饮食文化进行点餐的语言操练,帮助学生感知、体验、运用语言;课后排演点餐模拟剧,贴近生活,巩固语言。孩子们沉浸在这样一种充盈着中华饮食文化气息的氛围中,英语学习的欲望被充分激发,真正做到了学以致用。
四
中华传统节日
中华文明源远流长,独有的传统节日魅力无穷。在学习节日单元时,课本上呈现的是圣诞节、万圣节等节日,因此笔者将中国传统节日如春节、端午节、中秋节等渗透其中,与西方节日进行对比。
首先,提供丰富的学习材料,如关于节日的动画视频、故事性小语篇等,帮助学生形象地了解传统节日的由来、庆祝方式、特色食物等。
在学生通过阅读掌握了更多传统节日的知识和表达后,给学生布置小组表演的任务。请学生在充分了解节日的前提下,小组合作表演出这个节日最有特色的场景,让学生学以致用,同时增强文化自信。
五
英语学科实践活动与传统文化融合
语言学习的最终目的是运用。关于传统文化的英文表述,学生必须在实践中运用,方能达到掌握语言、接受传统文化熏陶的目的。因此, 笔者积极创造实践和锻炼的平台,使学生在活动中实践所学,激发兴趣,获得学习成就感和民族自豪感。
为了体现学生 “用英语讲好中国故事” 这一理念,我校开展了两届英语故事达人赛活动,鼓励学生坚持进行英语阅读的习惯,提高学生的英语表达能力,鼓励学生用英文讲述中国传统故事,同时搭设平台展示学生的英语风采。
孩子们为全校师生带来了一场视觉和听觉的盛宴。经过层层选拔,进入决赛的选手们在语篇深度和题材广度上下功夫。他们的朗诵围绕中国传统文化, 大到家国情怀、四大名著、传统技艺,小到民间传说、古诗英译、成语故事,题材丰富,围绕时事、历史、体育、艺术、名人、中华传统故事等多个角度开展讲述。
“
中华优秀传统文化与英语教学的融合,帮助老师们走上了与时俱进的教学改革之路,使教师真正成为研究者、创造者。笔者也在课堂教学的实践中,不断得到陶冶、提升,并不断创新、飞跃。未来,笔者将进一步研究如何实现传统文化与英语课堂的有机融合,做到让每个孩子在学习英语知识、了解世界的同时,更加了解中华文化的博大精深,让每个孩子继承并发扬中华民族传统文化的优秀精髓!
六
教学案例
★内容定位
这是一节小学英语的学科拓展课。语言是文化的载体,对于我们而言,英语是我们展望世界的窗口,也是宣扬我国文化思想的桥梁。中国传统节日,形式多样、内容丰富,蕴含着深邃丰厚的文化内涵,不仅清晰地记录着中华民族丰富而多彩的社会生活文化内容,也积淀着博大精深的历史文化内涵。本课把中国传统文化学习与英语学科教学相结合,帮助学生把语言应用到生活中去,培养学生传承与弘扬传统文化的能力。
本课通过视频、音频和图片等多媒体资料,引导学生感受传统节日的内在情怀,通过英语思维和表述方式进一步了解传统习俗,学习传统文化在英语语言环境下的知识再现和输出方式,不断增强学生传承中华传统文化、弘扬中华传统美德的意识。
★教学目标
1.能够基本了解并用英语谈论春节、端午节、中秋节、国庆节等传统节日的由来和有关习俗。 2.能够通过各个节日特点和节日习俗,深层次了解中华历史文化概念,向朋友介绍中国。 3.能够增强名族自豪感,强化传承和发扬中华传统文化、弘扬中华传统美德的意识。★教学设计
★教学过程
环节一:春 节——了解文化传承
师:Hello, boys and girls! I’m Coco. Welcome to my English class. I’m very happy to welcome a new student today.
Jenny:Hello, everyone. My name is Jenny. I’m nine years old. I’m from Sweden. I live in Dalian now. Hello, Coco. I’m very interested in China, can you tell me more about China?
师:Of course, Jenny. Today we’ll talk about Chinese Festivals.
Jenny:Wow, that’s so great. Thank you.
师:You’re welcome. There are many festivals in China. First, let’s know more about Chinese New Year, we also call it the Spring Festival. It has a long history, more than 4000 years. The Spring Festival is the most important one for Chinese people.
Jenny:The Spring Festival is lively. Coco, what do Chinese people usually do to celebrate it?
师:Ok, let’s know more about it together. Look. Sam’s family are coming to Daming’s home at Chinese New Year. What do they do at Chinese New Year?
视频:(课文“Happy New Year!” )
生:They eat dumplings at Chinese New Year.
师:I like dumplings. They look like “Yuanbao”. In ancient times, people usually eat dumplings. So it becomes a kind of food culture.
生:They have firecrackers at Chinese New Year.
师:Children like firecrackers. People set off the firecrackers to welcome the coming of the new year. In fact, we do many things to celebrate Chinese New Year. Now, let’s listen.
(播放音频:介绍春节习俗)
师:It’s really lively. So children, are you happy.
生:Yes, we are very happy.
师:We have many customs about this festival. Can you remember? Let’s try.
图片:(有关春节习俗的思维导图)
师:Good job! Boys and girls, do you find that“red”is the main colour of this festival? For example, firecrackers, lanterns, duilian , Chinese Fu , lucky money, red clothes and so on.
生:Yes, they are all red.
师:Because red means good luck and happiness in China.
Jenny:The Spring Festival is really very interesting. I like it. All the things are red at this festiva. Can I call it a red festival?
师:That’s right.
环节二:端午节——回顾历史文明
Jenny:Is there a green, blue or yellow festival?
师:Yes, I think maybe we have a green festival. Look, Jenny!
Jenny:What’s this? It’s green.
生:Jenny, this is rice dumpling, zongzi . We can eat rice dumplings at the Dragon Boat Festival.
师:Great! Our Chinnese also call it Duanwu Festival, Duanyang Festival or Double Fifth Festival.
Jenny:Coco, can you tell me more about it?
师:OK. To know more about it, we should know the following three questions. When is the Dragon Boat Festival? Who is the Dragon Boat Festival to remember? What do we do at the Dragon Boat Festival? Now, let’s watch a video.
(播放视频:介绍端午节由来)
师:That is the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival. Now, can you answer the questions? When is the Dragon Boat Festival? Please have a try.
生:The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival.
师:Good try! Let’s go on. Who is the Dragon Boat Festival to remember?
生:Qu Yuan.
师:Very good. The Dragon Boat Festival is a day to remember Qu Yuan, who was a great patriotic poet in the Chinese history. The last one,what do we do at the Dragon Boat Festival?
生:We eat rice dumplings and row dragon boats at the Dragon Boat Festival.
师:Good! Rice dumpling is a traditional food of the Dragon Boat Festival. And the festival is also known for its dragon boat races. Since you have known more about it, can you talk about it in pairs?
(视频:关于端午节的学生对话)
师:Good job!
Jenny:The Dragon Boat Festival has a long history. Qu Yuan is a great poet in China. People eat rice dumplings and row dragon boats to remember Qu Yuan. I really like rice dumplings.
师:I like rice dumplings, too.
环节三:中秋节——感悟乡音情怀
师:Look, Jenny, what’s in my hand?
Jenny:Is it a cake? It’s round and yellow, like a round moon.
师:You’re right. It looks like the moon. It’s a moon cake. You can try one.
Jenny:Do you eat moon cakes at the Spring Festival or Dragon Boat Festival?
师:No, we eat moon cakes on a special festival. Look! A beautiful full moon is bright in the sky. He is Su Shi. He wrote this poem when he missed his brother. Do you know this traditional festival?
生:It’s the Mid-Autumn Festival.
师:Excellent! On Mid-autumn day, we will miss our family and hometown. The Mid-Autumn Festival is as important as the Spring Festival. And there is always a beautiful full moon which is the brightest and roundest in the whole year. There are many stories of this festival. Who knows?
生:I know the story of Chang’e .
师:Good girl! The most popular one is“Chang’e Flying to the Moon”. It is said that, on Mid-autumn day, people can see Chang’e dancing on the moon. Boys and girls, how do you celebrate this festival? Let’s welcome our friends. They have something to say .
生:Hello, everyone. Look at my picture. In the picture, there is my grandma, father, mother, sister, brother and I. We get together to have a big dinner at the Mid-Autumn Festival. We enjoy the moon and eat moon cakes. We are very happy. I love my family.
(图片:学生绘画一)
师:Well done! On Mid-Autumn Day, families get together to have a big dinner. It’s a day for family reunion. Family is very important to Chinese.
生: Hi, this is my picture. On Mid-Autumn Day, my parents and I go back to our hometown. We get together with my grandparents. My hometown is Dalian. It’s a beautiful seaside city. I love my hometown.
(图片:学生绘画二)
师: Wonderful! As the saying goes “The moon in your hometown is always the brightest and roundest.” No matter where you are, east or west, home is the best.
Jenny:It’s a lovely festival. The mooncakes are yummy. Change’s story is amazing. Our classmates’ pictures are wonderful. I learned a lot and I’m very happy now.
环节四:国庆节——振奋华夏崛起
师:I’m very glad you’re happy in China. The longer you stay in China, the more you’ll love China. Look at the people, they are so happy. Where are they?
(展示图片:天安门前欢度国庆佳节)
生:They’re at the Tian’anmen Square. I can see some national flags and smiling faces.
生:It’s our National Day! And it’s a festival for all Chinese people to celebrate. So everyone is happy.
师:You’re so great! Look at the picture. Do you know this great man?
生:He is chairman Mao.
师:Right! On October 1st 1949, the great leader Mao Zedong, announced the foundation of the People Republic of China. Now, let’s review it.
(播放视频:开国大典片段)
生:Wow, it’s amazing!
师:Yes, therefore, October 1st is our National Day. It’s a great day for Chinese. Some children can’t wait to share something about National Day with us. Let’s have a look.
(播放视频:关于国庆节的学生采访)
师:The girl want to go to the Tian’anmen Square. How about you?
生:Me, too!
师:OK, let’s go to the Tian’anmen Square together.
(播放视频:国庆节阅兵视频)
师::After watching the video, what do you think of it?
生:I’m so excited! Our motherland is very beautiful and strong.
生:China is very big, and we are united.
生:I’m proud that I’m Chinese. Best wishes to my country.
生:I love you, China!
师:I’m proud of you, children. I believe our country will become stronger and stronger. Bless you, my motherland.
Jenny:October 1st is China’s national day. People are very happy. I also want to go to Beijing. China is really a great country.
师:Yes, Jenny. China welcomes friends from all over the world.
Jenny:Thank you, Coco. In this class, I know the Spring festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day. Are there any other festivals in China?
师:Of course, Jenny. We also have the Lantern Festival, the Qingming Festival, the Double Seventh Festival, the Double Ninth Festival and so on. Chinese festivals include history, culture and spirit. Only if we know more about them, we can know more about China. As we know, Chinese people are very warm-hearted, and we’ll give friends some presents. Today, I’ll give Jenny and all of you a special present. I hope you’ll have a nice day!
★案例评析
高品质课堂实践所追求的是教育立意与育人境界的高尚,本节课把中国传统文化学习与英语学科教学相结合,培养学生传承中华传统文化、弘扬中华传统美德的意识与能力。以下从《高品质课堂的评价指标》中“学生主体发展”维度对本课例进行评析。
一、乐学(情感表达)
“乐学”表达的是学习过程中一种积极的情感投入,本课中国节日这一主题是和学生息息相关的语言学习素材,成长的过程中学生时刻都会感受到这些传统文化带给他的影响,话题契合学生的真实生活,容易唤起他的丰富情感与体验,所以教学中学生表现出了积极投入,踊跃思考,乐于表达的学习行为。
二、能学(态度表现)
“能学”除了学生在学习过程中所表现出的认真、进取、勇于尝试等品质,通过英语语言的表述方式进一步了解传统习俗,学习传统文化在英语语言环境下的知识再现和输出方式,从课例实录来看,学生在完成语言能力培养目标的基础上理解并达成了以上育人目标,树立起了弘扬中华传统文化的意识。
三、会学(思维表征)
本课教师聚焦思维自觉性、深刻性、批判性、灵活性、创造性的培养目标,通过教学问题、环节的设计积极塑造学生良好的思维品质。如,使用思维可视化工具即The customs of the spring festival的思维导图,训练学生思维的完整性;教师在引导学生得出The Spring Festival is a red festival. 后激发学生生成新的问题Is there a green, blue or yellow festival? 巧用通感丰富学生对节日的多元理解,训练学生思维的灵活性与创造性;课程结束时教师引导学生认识中国节日蕴涵的厚重历史、文化与民族精神,培养学生思维的深刻性。
四、学会(目标达成)
本课通过视频、音频和图片等多媒体资料,引导学生感受传统节日的内在情怀,帮助他们树立正确的世界观、价值观。同时教学也指向于学生学习能力的习得。本课在学习了解春节、端午节的风俗习惯之后,进入中秋节的学习时,教师更多是运用方法的迁移与指导,用问题Boys and girls, how do you celebrate this festival?为学生搭建自主学习的脚手架、语言输出的平台,以培养学生用所学知识解决新问题的能力。
总之,教学是要实现学生这一关键主体的全面发展、个性发展与可持续发展,本课在高品质课堂理论框架指导下引导学生完成了“乐学——能学——会学——学会”这一梯度化的培养,为学生的主体性发展提供了可遵循的路径。
(点评人:李瑛,甘肃省兰州市西固区福利东路第二小学校长,教育博士。)
⑧此例作为“课堂立德树人”精品创新课,在2020年中国教育电视台课堂直播栏目《名师课堂》上展播。唐国君,北京小学大连经济技术开发区华润海中国分校;课程 设计导师:李铁安,中国教育科学研究院研究员。
2023年5月13日-14日(周六、周日)
新课标下以核心素养为基础的单元整体教学观摩研讨会
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