经常有学生反映语法难学,即便花了大量的时间尝试去理解语法,在课堂上也是反复学语法,考语法,可到了考试的时候,还是频频出错。
语法其实很简单,明老师今天分享一位老师写的一篇小短文,其中基本涵盖了英语的所有语法,包括所有词性的类型,句子的类型,句子的结构,从句的类型,时态的类型,以及其它特殊的句型等。从内容来看,比较简单,也有一定的激励性,很适合中学生朗读和背诵。
一
(资料图片)
短文
①My name is Li Hua. ②I used to dislike English, but I have fallen in love with English now. ③Speaking English is interesting, and it’s very useful, too. ④When I listen to my teacher, Mr. Hu, who is a teacher teaching English, I can always understand what he’s talking about. ⑤I have been learning English for eight years, and I’m always told by my friends that my English is getting better than before.
⑥Yesterday, Mr. Hu praised me, “⑦How fluently you speak English! ⑧What a smart student you are!” ⑨I told him that if I had started earlier, my English would have become better. ⑩Moved by what he said, I was wondering, “⑪Am I late? ⑫What can I do? ” ⑬Mr. Hu answered, “⑭Don’t be nervous! ⑮The fact that you are late is not a problem, but the problem is how hard you are learning now. ⑯How you are learning English is also very important, isn’t it?” ⑰After saying that, he presented me with an English dictionary.
⑱Of course, I will try my best to make progress in my English. ⑲I am sure that I will have spoken English like a foreigner three years later. ⑳What’s more, I hope to teach others how to learn it after graduation. ㉑Then I’ll feel very proud because they will call me an English teacher. ㉒There is always one dream in my heart, and this is it. ㉓Never will I give it up.
㉔Anyhow, I must thank my English teacher, Mr. Hu, for his generous help. ㉕It is with the help of him that I have made such great achievements today.
二
涵盖的语法知识
各种词类
动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、介词、连词、数词,文中已全部涉及,不需一一举例。
谓语动词
8种常用时态、主动语态、被动语态;非谓语动词的动名词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式;主谓一致;情态动词、虚拟语气。
1、8种常用时态:
一般现在时,如句①、③、④
现在进行时,如句④、⑯
现在完成时,如句②、㉕
现在完成进行时,如句⑤
一般将来时,如句⑱、⑲、㉓
一般过去时,如句⑥、⑨
过去进行时,如句⑩过去完成时,如句⑨
2、语态:文中句子基本用的是主动语态,被动语态也有,如句⑤。
3、非谓语动词:
句③中的动名词speaking English作主语;
句④中的teaching English现在分词作后置定语;
句⑩中的moved by what he said过去分词作状语;
句⑳中的hope to teach others不定式作宾语。
4、主谓一致:如句①、③、⑯、㉒。
5、情态动词:如句㉑、㉓、㉔。
6、虚拟语气:如句⑨。
句子种类
陈述句、疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句)、祈使句、感叹句;简单句、并列句、复合句。
1、陈述句在文中多处有体现,就不举例了。
2、疑问句:
一般疑问句,如句⑪;
特殊疑问句,如句⑫;
反意疑问句,如句⑯。
3、祈使句:如句⑭。
4、感叹句:如句⑦、⑧。
简单句
五种基本句型、there be句型。
1、主语+谓语(vi.),如句⑬;
2、主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语,如句⑤、⑥、⑨;
3、主语+系动词+表语,如句①、③、⑮、⑯、㉑;
4、主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语,如句⑰;
5、主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语,如句㉑;
6、there be句型,如句㉒。
复合句
定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
1、定语从句,如句④;
2、状语从句,如时间状语从句的句④,条件状语从句的句⑨,原因状语从句的句㉑;
3、名词性从句,如主语从句的句⑯,宾语从句的句④、⑤、⑨,表语从句的句⑮后半句、同位语从句的句⑮前半句。
特殊句型
倒装句、强调句。
1、倒装句,如句㉓;
2、强调句,如句㉕。
其他用法
构词法、直接引语、间接引语。
1、构词法,如like-dislike,teach-teacher, fluent-fluently;
2、直接引语,如句⑦、⑧、⑪、⑫、⑭、⑮、⑯;
3、间接引语,如句⑤、⑨。
其实,很多时候学生们用语法是“知其然而不知其所以然”。希望通过这篇小短文消除学生对语法的恐惧和排斥,会用了就不用太顾忌,用错了也不用害怕,不要为了表达的准确度而影响其流利性及传递性。当然,一篇文章是远远不够的,要真正精通语法,还需要对每个语法点进行全面系统的研习。
来源 | Mr. Hu 胡老师英语
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